Культура и познание: в поисках не-редукционистского подхода
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22394/2074-0492-2020-2-104-124Ключевые слова:
когнитивная социология, культура и познание, распределенное познание, натурализованный критический реализмАннотация
В фокусе статьи находится анализ теорий культуры и познания в современной социологии культуры. Автор рассматривает две конкурирующие исследовательские традиции в когнитивной социологии культуры, опирающиеся на микро-индивидуалистские и коллективистские модели социологического объяснения соответственно. Сперва автор критически анализирует два теоретических подхода, существующих в рамках «микро-индивидуалистской» парадигмы: «дуально-процессную» модель культуры-в-действии Стивена Вейзи и типологию культурных форм Омара Лизардо. Автор утверждает, что оба подхода являются проработанными и теоретически глубокими, но тяготеют к неоправданному редуцированию культуры до ее микрооснований. Автор затем дает критическую оценку содержательных предпосылок так называемой «зерубавелианской» парадигмы культурной социологии, принадлежащей к «коллективистской» ветви теоретизирования, а также отдельно останавливается на серии работ по проблематике культуры и познания, представленных культурсоциологами-неодюрк-геймианцами. Автор приходит к заключению, что теоретические предложения «зерубавелианцев» и неодюркгеймианцев основаны на проблематичных допущениях о способах хранения и передачи культурного знания. В статье делается вывод о том, что ни индивидуалистские, ни коллективистские теории не могут адекватно объяснить взаимосвязь культуры и познания, так как зиждутся на редукционистских онтологических основаниях. По мнению автора, для преодоления этих ограничений необходимо обратиться к онтологической доктрине «натурализованного критического реализма» Туукки Каидесойя, черпающей идеи из двух источников: системной онтологии Марио Бунге и концепций «распределенного познания» в когнитивных науках. В статье представлен предварительный черновой набросок подхода к объяснению взаимосвязи культуры и познания, основанного на концепции производства, распространения и трансформации репрезентаций в распределенных когнитивных системах.Скачивания
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